The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) has published an updated list of 23 health conditions that may make individuals eligible for monthly payments of up to £362 through the Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) scheme. This comes as part of wider efforts to support those under state pension age who are unable to work due to disability or specific medical conditions.
ESA serves as a safety net for individuals whose capacity to take up or maintain employment has been affected by health circumstances. Since April 2024, the benefit has seen a 6.7% rise, reflecting the government’s commitment to supporting those in vulnerable situations. The increase in ESA, in line with adjustments to several other welfare benefits, is intended to mitigate the impact of rising living costs on low-income or disabled households.
To qualify for what’s termed the ‘new-style’ ESA, applicants must be below state pension age and demonstrate that their condition restricts their ability to work. In addition, eligibility is dependent on an adequate history of National Insurance contributions, whether through employment or self-employment, over recent years. Notably, those currently in receipt of Jobseeker’s Allowance or statutory sick pay cannot also claim the new-style ESA, but individuals on Universal Credit may apply—albeit with deductions potentially applied against their Universal Credit payments.
According to the DWP, ESA eligibility is not based on diagnosis alone. It hinges on the impact of the condition on work capability. The 23 categories range from infectious diseases, neoplasms (tumours and cancers), and endocrine disorders, to more common issues such as diseases of the nervous, digestive, and respiratory systems. Notably, mental health conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, and certain congenital or chromosomal abnormalities are included. Pregnancy-related issues, along with injuries, poisoning, and symptom-based conditions without a specific diagnosis, also appear on the eligibility list.
A brief summarised list of potential qualifying conditions includes:
– Diseases caused by infections and parasites
– Various types of cancer or tumours
– Blood disorders and immune system conditions
– Endocrine and metabolic disorders
– Mental and behavioural disorders
– Neurological conditions
– Eye and ear diseases
– Cardiovascular and respiratory issues
– Gastrointestinal and urinary diseases
– Pregnancy-related complications and others
– Injuries and external causes of ill-health
Current ESA rates vary depending on age and household circumstance. For instance, single claimants under 25 may receive £71.70 weekly, while those aged 25 or over are entitled to £90.50 per week. Lone parents, couples, and those with children receive varying amounts, with additional premiums provided in cases of severe disability, enhanced disability needs, or caring responsibilities. The allowance is paid fortnightly, meaning claimants could see upwards of £362 deposited in their accounts each month, depending on their individual circumstances.
Those interested in applying for ESA can do so easily either online or by calling the government helpline. Prospective applicants should have their National Insurance number, banking details, and information from their GP readily available. In cases where work has been missed for more than seven days due to illness or disability, a fit note from a clinician is necessary to support the claim.
Following submission, individuals will generally receive an assessment rate for up to 13 weeks while their claim undergoes evaluation. During this period, those under 25 may receive up to £67.20 per week, with older claimants receiving up to £84.80. After assessment, claimants are placed in one of two groups: the work-related activity group, if there is potential for return to employment, or the support group, if there is no expectation of work in the foreseeable future.
Additional premiums are available to those in the support group, particularly if their circumstances qualify them for the severe or enhanced disability premium. These supplements can significantly increase monthly payments and provide essential support for those with the most significant barriers to work.
As the cost of living continues to place pressure on UK households, awareness of available support channels like ESA is crucial. The DWP is keen to remind the public that specialist advice is available, and encourages those who believe they may qualify to explore their options. For further details, applicants are urged to consult the official government website or seek assistance from local advisory services.